The application of amino silicone oil and its composite system with quaternary ammonium salt in the field of antistatic can be analyzed from the following aspects:
1. Antistatic performance of amino silicone oil
Basic mechanism
The amino group (-NH₂, -NHR, etc.) contained in the amino silicone oil molecule is a polar group with certain hygroscopicity. When the ambient humidity is high, the amino group can absorb moisture in the air and form a thin water film on the surface of the material, thereby reducing the surface resistance and reducing static electricity accumulation. This antistatic effect belongs to hygroscopic antistatic, which depends on the ambient humidity and will weaken under dry conditions.
Practical application limitations
The main function of amino silicone oil is to serve as a softening finishing agent (such as the textile industry), and antistatic is only its incidental performance, and the effect is usually weaker than that of professional antistatic agents.
When used alone, the antistatic persistence is poor and it is easy to gradually fail due to friction or washing.
2. Feasibility and effect of access to quaternary ammonium salts
1. Antistatic advantages of quaternary ammonium salts
Quaternary ammonium salts (such as octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, etc.) are cationic surfactants with permanent positive charges (N⁺) in their molecular structure, which enhance antistatic properties through the following mechanisms:
Charge neutralization: directly adsorbed on the surface of the material to neutralize static charges.
Interface conductivity: forming a conductive layer on the surface of the material to reduce surface resistance without relying on humidity.
Persistence: when combined by ionic or covalent bonds, the antistatic effect is more durable (such as durable finishing).
2. Combination of amino silicone oil and quaternary ammonium salts
Physical compounding (blending)
Directly mix amino silicone oil and quaternary ammonium salts (such as emulsion system) to improve antistatic properties through charge adsorption synergy.
Advantages: simple process, low cost, suitable for temporary antistatic needs (such as fabric finishing).
Disadvantages: quaternary ammonium salts are easy to migrate, have poor washability, and the effect of long-term use decreases.
Chemical modification (molecular access)
The quaternary ammonium salt group is introduced into the amino silicone oil molecular chain through chemical reaction (such as the reaction of amino group and alkyl halide to form quaternary ammonium group) to form quaternized amino silicone oil.
Advantages:
The antistatic group is covalently bonded to the silicone oil molecule, and the durability is significantly improved, and it is resistant to washing and friction.
It has the softness and smoothness of silicone oil and the strong antistatic property of quaternary ammonium salt, and has good functional synergy.
Disadvantages: The synthesis process is complicated, and the reaction conditions (such as pH and temperature) need to be controlled to avoid silicone oil degradation.
3. Key influencing factors
Quaternary ammonium salt type:
Double-chain quaternary ammonium salts (such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride) have better film-forming properties and more durable antistatic properties; single-chain quaternary ammonium salts (such as hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) have strong diffusion and more significant initial effects.
Degree of substitution:
Too high a proportion of quaternary ammonium group access may affect the compatibility and softness of silicone oil, which needs to be optimized through experiments.
Application scenarios:
Textile industry: Suitable for durable antistatic finishing of chemical fiber fabrics such as polyester and nylon to solve static problems in weaving and wearing (such as dust prevention and adhesion).
Plastics/Coatings: As an internally added antistatic agent, it improves the hidden dangers of static electricity in polymer processing (such as extrusion and printing).
III. Precautions and potential problems
Yellowing risk
Amino silicone oil itself may turn yellow under high temperature or light, and quaternary ammonium salts (especially those containing benzyl structure) may aggravate this phenomenon. It is necessary to select yellowing-resistant raw materials (such as aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts).
Compatibility and stability
Quaternary ammonium salts are strongly cationic and should be avoided from being compounded with anionic surfactants (such as carboxylates) to avoid precipitation.
The pH and emulsifier type need to be adjusted in the emulsion system to ensure long-term stability.
Safety
Quaternary ammonium salts may have certain biological toxicity and irritation (such as skin sensitivity). When used in cosmetics or infant products, they must comply with relevant regulations (such as EU REACH certification).
IV. Summary
Amino silicone oil has a certain antistatic ability (dependent on humidity), but it is usually used as an auxiliary function and has limited effect when used alone.
Introduction to quaternary ammonium salts is an effective means to improve antistatic performance. Chemical modification (molecular incorporation) is better than physical compounding, which can achieve a long-lasting and efficient antistatic effect while retaining the softness of silicone oil.
Application suggestions: Select the modification method according to specific needs (such as chemical modification for durability requirements), and balance antistatic properties, stability and other functions (such as softness and yellowing resistance) through formula optimization.
For further technical details, please refer to literature in the field of textile chemistry (such as "Textile Finishing Chemistry") or industrial cases (such as professional antistatic silicone oil products of Qiangli Chemical).
Application of amino silicone oil and its composite system with quaternary ammonium salt in antistatic field
Source:AI+MODIFY Author:QL CHEMICAL Release time:2025-05-10 16:12 Reading times:31
Prev:Nothing
Links